Ruby Gray
Well-Known Member
For Josephus, this is a well known fact, referring in this case to Titus Flavius Vespasianus.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespasian#Great_Jewish_Revolt_(66–69)
Josephus (as well as Tacitus), reporting on the conclusion of the Jewish war, reported a prophecy that around the time when Jerusalem and the Second Temple would be taken, a man from their own nation, viz. the Messiah, would become governor “of the habitable earth”. Josephus interpreted the prophecy to denote Vespasian and his appointment as emperor in Judea.source: Josephus, War of the Jews 6.5.4
This passage does not specifically refer to "The Messiah".
WARS OF THE JEWS BOOK 6:5
4. Now if any one consider these things, he will find that God takes care of mankind, and by all ways possible foreshows to our race what is for their preservation; but that men perish by those miseries which they madly and voluntarily bring upon themselves; for the Jews, by demolishing the tower of Antonia, had made their temple four-square, while at the same time they had it written in their sacred oracles, that
“then should their city be taken, as well as their holy house, when once their temple should become four-square.”
But now, what did the most elevate them in undertaking this war, was an ambiguous oracle that was also found in their sacred writings, how,
"about that time, one from their country should become governor of the habitable earth."
The Jews took this prediction to belong to themselves in particular, and many of the wise men were thereby deceived in their determination.
Now this oracle certainly denoted the government of Vespasian, who was appointed emperor in Judea.
However, it is not possible for men to avoid fate, although they see it beforehand.
But these men interpreted some of these signals according to their own pleasure, and some of them they utterly despised, until their madness was demonstrated, both by the taking of their city and their own destruction.
This is a jumbly misrepresentation of the Daniel 9:24-27 prophecy, which is no credit to Josephus, who should have known better.
Dan 9:24
"70 weeks are decreed about your people
and your holy city,
to finish the transgression,
to put an end to sin,
and to atone for iniquity,
to bring in everlasting righteousness,
to seal both vision and prophet,
and to anoint a most holy place.
Dan 9:25 Know therefore and understand that
from the going out of the word to restore and build Jerusalem
to the coming of an anointed one {Mashiach / Messiah}, a prince,
there shall be 7 weeks.
Then for 62 weeks it shall be built again
with squares and moat,
but in a troubled time.
Dan 9:26 And after the 62 weeks,
an anointed one shall be cut off and shall have nothing.
And the people of the prince who is to come
shall destroy the city and the sanctuary.
Its end shall come with a flood,
and to the end there shall be war.
Desolations are decreed.
Dan 9:27 And he shall make a strong covenant with many
for one week,
and for half of the week
he shall put an end to sacrifice and offering.
And on the wing of abominations
shall come one who makes desolate,
until the decreed end is poured out on the desolator."
These verses have been the subject of much study and speculation.
They refer to a combined period of 483 years (7 + 62 = 69 'weeks' of years) to elapse between the decree to rebuild Jerusalem after the Babylonian Exile, and the coming of the Messiah, Jesus.
The final 7 year period (1 'week' of years) is relegated into the future, after continuous "war and desolations to the end".
After this 7 years, the new Temple {Most Holy Place} will be anointed.
Details of this still-future event are found in the final chapters of Ezekiel.
This will usher in the MIllennium, when everything will be "restored".
The first 7 Weeks (49 years) relates to the Temple and City rebuilding program, which can be shown to have occurred relative to the kings of the Medo-Persian empire who are mentioned in scripture.
The last dated mention of Nehemiah coincides with this 49th year.
The "squares" referred to here is the grid of streets of the city Jerusalem, which were established during this period of rebuilding.
Josephus' reference to the "city becoming foursquare" because of the demolition of the Tower of Antonia shortly before the Temple was destroyed in 70 AD, is an anachronistic false interpretation by the hardheaded Jews who were being divinely judged for their earlier refusal to accept their Messiah who appeared on cue as predicted in this prophecy.
The Jews are still seeking their Messiah today, even though this prophecy is proof that they are many centuries too late.
"After the 62 Weeks, Messiah shall be cut off and shall have nothing."
That refers to the crucifixion. Their Messiah has come and gone long ago already.
The "prince who is to come" refers to the Antichrist, who will appear after a protracted era of wars and desolations following the 70 AD destruction (verse 26). His appearance is a still-future event.
The "people of the prince who is to come" are the Romans who destroyed the city and the sanctuary in 70 AD.
The Antichrist will "make a strong covenant with many for one week " which these days is reckoned to be a 7-year peace treaty between the reformed nation of Israel, and many other nations.
The prophecy that he will "put an end to sacrifice and offering" presupposes that the Temple will have been rebuilt and its ordinances reinstated before he appears.
That he will terminate the sacrificial worship at the temple "for half of the week" signifies that Antichrist will break his covenant after 3 1/2 years.
"On the wing of abominations shall come one who makes desolate" is a reprise of the coming of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, "god manifest", who infamously sacrificed a pig in the Temple and proclaimed himself to be God. He terminated the Temple sacrifices for 3 years before being defeated by the Maccabees. He is the type of the coming Antichrist. The chronology of Antiochus Epiphanes exactly matches the prophetic periods given for the future Antichrist, when calculated according to the lunar calendar.
Hebrew prophecy employs "midrash," which has to do with typical and antitypical fulfilments. There is often more than one fulfilment with the earlier historical fulfilment foreshadowing the ultimate future fulfilment.
So the Roman episode around 70 AD is but one in a series of fulfilments prophesied, but by no means the last.